Written Language
- Sumerian cuneform before 3000 B.C.
- Egyptian writing of 3000 B.C.
- Chinese Writing 1300 B.C.
- Meso-American Indians before 300 B. C.
- Did not arise before the expansions of Islam and of colonial Europeans
- Australia
- Pacific Islands
- Subequatorial Africa
- All New World except part of Mesoamerica